Temperature is a crucial factor in the design of pressure vessels, significantly impacting structural safety and service life. Since pressure vessels often operate in high-temperature, high-pressure, or rapidly changing environments, heat dissipation performance and the control of thermal expansion/contraction effects are critical design considerations. Improper design can lead to thermal stress concentration, material fatigue, and even structural failure, affecting the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

A well-designed heat dissipation system is key to ensuring uniform temperature distribution within the pressure vessel. Excessively high local temperatures can cause changes in the metal's microstructure and a decrease in strength, leading to safety hazards. Common heat dissipation methods include natural convection, forced cooling, and structural thermal conductivity optimization. For example, in high-temperature containers such as chemical reactors, jackets, cooling coils, or circulating cooling media are typically used to control the container temperature. Properly arranging heat dissipation channels can effectively reduce temperature differences and prevent stress concentration caused by localized overheating.

Thermal expansion/contraction is a physical effect that must be accurately calculated in pressure vessel design. Different materials have different coefficients of thermal expansion. When the temperature varies unevenly across different parts of the container, additional stresses are generated within the structure. Especially for pressure vessels with multi-layered structures or dissimilar metal welds, failure to adequately consider expansion differences can easily lead to weld cracking or seal failure. Therefore, during the design phase, appropriate expansion space should be provided or flexible connection structures should be adopted based on the operating temperature range, material properties, and operating conditions.

For vessels operating under high-temperature cycles, designers also need to consider thermal fatigue. Optimizing wall thickness distribution, reducing stress concentration points, and using materials with low thermal expansion coefficients can significantly improve the vessel's thermal stability. In modern design, finite element analysis (FEA) software is often used to simulate heat dissipation and thermal deformation to obtain more accurate structural response results.

The control of heat dissipation and thermal expansion/contraction in pressure vessels is not only an important means of ensuring equipment safety but also key to improving operating efficiency and service life. FRHE, through scientific thermal management design and advanced simulation technology, can effectively improve the reliability and economy of pressure vessels in complex thermal environments.