As crucial equipment subjected to high pressure, high temperature, and complex media, the quality of the pressure vessel shell directly determines the safety and reliability of the overall structure. The quality of the shell forming process is a key factor affecting its performance. Different forming methods not only alter the mechanical properties of the material but also affect the geometric accuracy, stress distribution, and long-term service life of the shell. Therefore, in-depth analysis of the impact of forming processes on pressure vessel performance is of great significance for improving product quality and operational safety. Among many manufacturing companies, FRHE has mature experience in shell forming process control.

Common shell forming processes include plate rolling, spinning, and hot rolling, each with different effects on material microstructure and stress state. Plate rolling is the most common, offering advantages in its wide applicability and manufacturing flexibility. However, during the rolling process, a certain degree of stress concentration inevitably forms in the weld area. If not properly controlled, this may affect the overall load-bearing capacity of the shell. Microstructural changes near the weld, such as grain growth and hardness fluctuations, may also become weak points in material fatigue.

In contrast, spinning allows for better fiber flow during processing, improving the strength and toughness of the cylinder while reducing residual stress. However, spinning requires sophisticated equipment and technology, necessitating strict control of deformation amount and speed during production; otherwise, uneven wall thickness can easily occur. For containers with high pressure resistance, wall thickness differences can lead to uneven stress distribution, affecting structural stability.

Temperature control during forming is also a crucial factor affecting performance. While hot forming improves material plasticity and reduces forming forces, the resulting grain coarsening risk may reduce the material's fatigue resistance. Cold forming, on the other hand, maintains fine material structure and improves strength, but significant deformation introduces substantial residual stress, which must be released through subsequent heat treatment to ensure the cylinder's stability during use.

Besides the processing method, forming accuracy also determines cylinder performance. Excessive geometric deviations will affect the uniformity of stress distribution within the container, easily leading to localized instability or deformation under high pressure. Furthermore, post-forming surface quality, ellipticity control, and weld placement distribution further influence the container's pressure resistance and safety factor.

The forming process of pressure vessel shells has a direct and profound impact on their performance. By selecting appropriate forming processes, optimizing processing parameters, and implementing strict quality control, the mechanical properties, structural stability, and service life of the shells can be significantly improved, thereby ensuring the safe operation of pressure vessels under various complex working conditions.