Pressure vessels, as crucial equipment in industrial production subjected to internal or external pressure, rely heavily on the structural strength of their pressure-bearing components for safety. These components typically include the shell, heads, nozzles, and flanges. These parts directly bear the pressure of the medium and additional loads, making them a core focus in the design and manufacture of pressure vessels. A scientific and systematic structural strength analysis of these components is fundamental to ensuring the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

First, the shell is the most important pressure-bearing component of the pressure vessel. Its structural strength is primarily affected by internal pressure, temperature changes, and its own weight. Under internal pressure, circumferential and axial stresses are generated within the shell wall, with circumferential stress typically being the controlling stress. Reasonable wall thickness calculations and material selection are crucial to ensuring the shell strength meets design requirements. Furthermore, under high-temperature conditions, the decrease in material strength with temperature changes must be considered to avoid insufficient strength due to the superposition of thermal stresses.

Second, the head structure has a significant impact on the overall pressure-bearing capacity. Different types of end caps, such as elliptical, spherical, and dished heads, exhibit significantly different stress states and distributions. Appropriate selection of end cap structures can effectively reduce localized stress concentration and improve the overall pressure-bearing capacity of pressure vessels. During strength analysis, special attention should be paid to the connection between the end cap and the shell, as this area is often where stress concentration is most pronounced.

Furthermore, nozzles and openings are weak points in the pressure-bearing structure of pressure vessels. Openings disrupt the original continuous stress state, leading to localized stress concentration. Therefore, in structural strength analysis, reasonable reinforcement design should be used to restore or improve the load-bearing capacity of this area, ensuring that the overall structure meets strength and stability requirements.

In addition, pressure-bearing components may also bear external loads, such as pipeline forces, support reactions, and additional loads from transportation or changes in operating conditions. These factors are also crucial in structural strength analysis; the stress superposition under various operating conditions should be comprehensively considered to prevent structural failure due to localized overstress.

Structural strength analysis of pressure vessel pressure-bearing components is a systematic task that requires comprehensive evaluation from multiple aspects, including material properties, structural form, and load conditions. Through scientific strength analysis and rational design, FRHE continuously optimizes pressure-bearing structural schemes in pressure vessel projects, effectively improving the safety and reliability of equipment and providing a solid guarantee for the long-term stable operation of various industrial installations.